![]() So what does all the family and subfamily stuff mean? Basically, cockatiels are indeed also cockatoos. s.A simplified tree showing where cockatiels fall in comparison to other cockatoos. Yellow-crested Cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea) Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ( Cacatua galerita) Salmon-crested Cockatoo ( Cacatua moluccensis)īlue-eyed Cockatoo ( Cacatua ophthalmica) Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo ( Lophochroa leadbeateri) Gang-gang Cockatoo ( Callocephalon fimbriatum) Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus funereus)Ĭarnaby’s Black-Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus latirostris)īaudin’s Black-Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus baudinii) Glossy Black-Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus lathami) Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus banksii) The typical cockatoos are more widely distributed-across Australia, New Guinea, and northwest through the Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and east to the Solomon Islands. Both the Cockatiel and black-cockatoo clades are endemic to Australia. There are three main clades, which might be appropriately recognized as subfamilies: (1) the Cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus), an atypically small, thin, long-tailed (generally parakeet-like) cockatoo species that apparently diverged from the rest many millions of years ago (2) the five species of black-cockatoos and (3) the typical cockatoos, which comprise the dozen-or-so white Cacatua species plus four single-species genera. galerita), as traditionally classified, includes a distinct form, the “Triton Cockatoo” ( triton), which has an ambiguous status. The Yellow-crested Cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea), as traditionally classified, includes a distinct form, the “Citron-crested Cockatoo” ( citrinocristata), which the Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International recognized as a full species in 2021, and the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ( C. The species-level taxonomy of the Cacatuidae is mostly settled, with 21 to 23 species recognized. In particular, Carnaby’s and Baudin’s Black-Cockatoos ( Calyptorhynchus latirostris and baudinii) have almost entirely overlapping distributions and are nearly identical except for the lengths of their upper mandibles-their vocalizations and habitat also differ. Within Australia, the black-cockatoo group presents unusual identification challenges, as closely related species pairs occur together, and distinguishing them entails close study of key details. (For a detailed comparison of the five species or forms in this complex, see Distinguishing Features: Identification of Yellow-crested Cockatoos.) Adding to the potential for confusion, hybridization between similar species has been documented in some feral flocks. ![]() Accurate identification is potentially significant in these areas to distinguish the several endangered species from their commoner relative, the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ( C. ![]() The potentially confusing species do not occur together naturally, but several of them coexist in feral flocks: e.g., in Honolulu, Singapore, and Taiwan. Several white cockatoos of the genus Cacatua are extremely similar, with inconspicuous differences in plumage and bare parts coloration. Although invasive exotic species are generally disfavored, there is a conservation argument for making exceptions in some cases-such as the Salmon-crested Cockatoos in Honolulu and White Cockatoos in San Juan, Puerto Rico, which do not compete with any of the few remaining island endemic bird species. These flocks persist in part due to the longevity of individuals, but also in some cases through breeding that could lead to self-sustaining populations. Released captive cockatoos have formed feral flocks in urban areas, including Hong Kong, Honolulu, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Singapore, and a few parts of Taiwan. goffiniana)-are in various stages of endangerment. alba) cockatoos, and the Tanimbar Corella ( C. Trapping has driven the Philippine endemic Red-vented Cockatoo ( Cacatua haematuropygia) close to extinction as a wild species, and several of its Indonesian relatives-the Yellow-crested ( C. Several cockatoo populations are subject to intense persecution due to their value in the illicit cagebird trade.
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